to lie under

pēs, pĕdis, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. pād, foot, from root pad, ire; Gr. pod-, pous; Goth. fōt; old Germ. vuoz; Engl. foot], a foot of man or beast.

Lit.:

si pes condoluit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

calcei apti ad pedem,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

nec manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra,

id. Univ. 6:

pede tellurem pulsare,

i. e. to dance, Hor. C. 1, 37, 1; cf.:

alterno pede terram quatere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7;

4, 1, 27: pedis aptissima forma,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 7:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

are born feet first, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

cycnum pedibus Jovis armiger uncis Sustulit,

Verg. A. 9, 564; cf. id. ib. 11, 723: pedem ferre, to go or come, id. G. 1, 11:

si in fundo pedem posuisses,

set foot, Cic. Caecin. 11, 31: pedem efferre, to step or go out, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:

qui pedem portā non extulit,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; 6, 8, 5:

pedem portā non plus extulit quam domo suā,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4: pedem limine efferre, id. Cael. 14, 34: pedem referre, revocare, retrahere, to go or come back, to return:

profugum referre pedem,

Ov. H. 15, 186; id. M. 2, 439.—Said even of streams:

revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto,

Verg. A. 9, 125:

retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens,

id. ib. 10, 307; cf. infra, II. H.: pedibus, on foot, afoot:

cum ingressus iter pedibus sit,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34; Suet. Aug. 53.—

Esp. in phrase: pedibus ire, venire, etc.: pedibus proficisci,

Liv. 26, 19:

pedibus iter conficere,

id. 44, 5:

quod flumen uno omnino loco pedibus transire potest,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18:

(Caesar) pedibus Narbonem pervenit,

id. B. C. 2, 21:

ut neque pedibus aditum haberent,

id. B. G. 3, 12 init. —Rarely pede ire ( poet. and late Lat.):

quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 66:

Jordanem transmiserunt pede,

Ambros. in Psa. 118, 165, n. 16.— Trop.:

Bacchus flueret pede suo,

i. e. wine unmixed with water, Auct. Aetn. 13; cf.:

musta sub adducto si pede nulla fluant,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 32, and II. H. infra.—Pregn., by land:

cum illud iter Hispaniense pedibus fere confici soleat: aut si quis navigare velit, etc.,

Cic. Vatin. 5, 12:

seu pedibus Parthos sequimur, seu classe Britannos,

Prop. 2, 20, 63 (3, 23, 5):

ego me in pedes (conicio),

take to my heels, make off, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 5.— Esp.: ad pedes alicui or alicujus, accidere, procidere, jacere, se abicere, se proicere, procumbere, etc., to approach as a suppliant, to fall at one's feet:

ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

abjectā togā se ad generi pedes abiecit,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

rex procidit ad pedes Achillei,

Hor. Epod. 17, 14:

vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis,

Cic. Sest. 11, 26:

filius se ad pedes meos prosternens,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

tibi sum supplex, Nec moror ante tuos procubuisse pedes,

Ov. H. 12, 186:

cui cum se moesta turba ad pedes provolvisset,

Liv. 6, 3, 4:

ad pedes Caesaris provoluta regina,

Flor. 4, 11, 9:

(mater una) mihi ad pedes misera jacuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129; cf.:

amplecti pedes potui,

Ov. M. 9, 605:

complector, regina, pedes,

Luc. 10, 89:

servus a pedibus,

a footman, lackey, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: sub pedibus, under one's feet, i. e. in one's power, Verg. A. 7, 100; Liv. 34, 32: sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be or lie under one's feet, i. e. to be disregarded ( poet.):

sors ubi pessima rerum, Sub pedibus timor est,

Ov. M. 14, 490:

amicitiae nomen Re tibi pro vili sub pedibusque jacet,

id. Tr. 1, 8, 16: pedem opponere, to put one's foot against, i. e. to withstand, resist, oppose ( poet.), id. P. 4, 6, 8: pedem trahere, to drag one's foot, i. e. to halt, limp; said of scazontic verse, id. R. Am. 378: trahantur haec pedibus, may be dragged by the heels, i. e. may go to the dogs (class.):

fratrem mecum et te si habebo, per me ista pedibus trahantur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10; id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: ante pedes esse or ante pedes posita esse, to lie before one's feet, i. e. before one's eyes, to be evident, palpable, glaring:

istuc est sapere, non quod ante pedes modo est, Videre, sed etiam illa, quae futura sunt, Prospicere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 32:

transilire ante pedes posita, et alia longe repetita sumere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160:

omni pede stare,

i. e. to use every effort, make every exertion, Quint. 12, 9, 18: nec caput nec pes, neither head nor foot, beginning nor end, no part:

nec caput nec pes sermonum apparet,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139:

garriet quoi neque pes neque caput conpareat,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 81: tuas res ita contractas, ut, quemadmodum scribis, nec caput nec pedes, Curio ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2:

ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae,

Hor. A. P. 8:

dixit Cato, eam legationem nec caput, nec pedes, nec cor habere,

Liv. Epit. 50: pes felix, secundus, i. e. a happy or fortunate arrival:

adi pede secundo,

Verg. A. 8, 302:

felix,

Ov. F. 1, 514; cf.:

boni pedis homo, id est cujus adventus afferat aliquid felicitatis,

Aug. Ep. ad Max. Gram. 44.—So esp. pes dexter, because it was of good omen to move the right foot first;

temples had an uneven number of steps, that the same foot might touch the first step and first enter the temple,

Vitr. 3, 3; cf. Petr. 30:

quove pede ingressi?

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 6.—So the left foot was associated with bad omens; cf. Suet. Aug. 92 init.:

pessimo pede domum nostram accessit,

App. M. 6, 26, p. 184, 1; hence, dextro pede, auspiciously: quid tam dextro [p. 1363] pede concipis, etc., Juv. 10, 5: pedibus pecunia compensatur, said proverbially of distant lands purchased at a cheap rate, but which it costs a great deal to reach, Cato ap. Cic. Fl. 29, 72: a pedibus usque ad caput, from head to foot, all over (late Lat.; cf.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20), Aug. in Psa. 55, 20; 90, 1, 2 et saep.; cf.:

a vestigio pedis usque ad verticem,

Ambros. Offic. Min. 2, 22, 114.—

In partic.

Milit. t. t.: descendere ad pedes, to alight, dismount, of cavalry, Liv. 9, 22:

pedibus merere,

to serve on foot, as a foot-soldier, id. 24, 18:

ad pedes pugna ierat,

they fought on foot, id. 21, 46: pedem conferre, to come to close quarters:

collato pede rem gerere,

id. 26, 39; Cic. Planc. 19, 48.—

Publicist's t. t.: pedibus ire in sententiam alicujus, to adopt one's opinion, take sides with one:

cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,

Liv. 9, 8, 13; 5, 9, 2.—

In mal. part.:

pedem or pedes tollere, extollere (ad concubitum),

Mart. 10, 81, 4; 11, 71, 8;

hence the lusus verbb. with pedem dare and tollere,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5. —

Transf.

A foot of a table, stool, bench, etc., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 46:

mensae sed erat pes tertius impar,

Ov. M. 8, 661; cf.:

pedem et nostrum dicimus, et lecti, et veli, ut carminis (v. in the foll.),

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2:

tricliniorum,

Plin. 34, 2, 4, § 9:

subsellii,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

pes argenteus (mensae),

Juv. 11, 128.—

Pes veli, a rope attached to a sail for the purpose of setting it to the wind, a sheet:

sive utrumque Juppiter Simul secundus incidisset in pedem,

Cat. 4, 19:

pede labitur aequo,

i. e. before the wind, with the wind right aft, Ov. F. 3, 565:

pedibus aequis,

Cic. Att. 16, 6 init.; cf. also the passage quoted above from Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2; and:

prolato pede, transversos captare Notos,

id. Med. 322.— Hence, facere pedem, to veer out one sheet, to take advantage of a side wind, to haul the wind: una omnes fecere pedem;

pariterque sinistros, Nunc dextros solvere sinus,

Verg. A. 5, 830:

prolatis pedibus,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.—

The foot of a mountain (post-class.):

Orontes imos pedes Casii montis praetermeans,

Amm. 14, 8, 10 al. —

Ground, soil, territory (post-class.):

in Caesariensis pede,

Sol. 3, 2:

omnis Africa Zeugitano pede incipit,

id. 27, 1; cf.:

quamvis angustum pedem dispositio fecit habitabilem,

Sen. Tranq. An. 10, 4.—

The stalk or pedicle of a fruit, esp. of the grape, together with the husk:

vinaceorum pes proruitur,

Col. 12, 43; so id. 12, 36.—Of the olive, Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 5: pes milvinus or milvi, the stalk or stem of the plant batis, Col. 12, 7.—Hence, as a name for several plants: pedes gallinacei, a plant:

Capnos trunca, quam pedes gallinaceos vocant,

Plin. 25, 13, 98, § 155:

pedes betacei,

beetroots, Varr. R. R. 1, 27.—

Pedes navales, rowers, sailors, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75.—

The barrow of a litter, Cat. 10, 22.—

Poet., of fountains and rivers: inde super terras fluit agmine dulci, Quā via secta semel liquido pede detulit undas, Lucr, 5, 272;

6, 638: crepante lympha desilit pede,

Hor. Epod. 16, 47:

liquido pede labitur unda,

Verg. Cul. 17:

lento pede sulcat harenas Bagrada,

Sil. 6, 140.—

A metrical foot:

ad heroum nos dactyli et anapaesti et spondei pedem invitas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 82:

pedibus claudere verba,

to make verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28:

musa per undenos emodulanda pedes,

in hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 30:

inque suos volui cogere verba pedes,

id. Tr. 5, 12, 34.—

A kind of verse, measure:

et pede, quo debent fortia bella geri,

Ov. Ib. 646:

Lesbius,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 35.—

In music, time (postAug.), Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 6.—

A foot, as a measure of length (class.):

ne iste hercle ab istā non pedem discedat,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13:

ab aliquo pedem discessisse,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 42:

pedem e villā adhuc egressi non sumus,

id. Att. 13, 16, 1:

pes justus,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—Hence, transf.: pede suo se metiri, to measure one's self by one's own foot-rule, i. e. by one's own powers or abilities, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 98.—

Pedes, lice; v. pedis.—

The leg (late Lat.), in phrase: pedem frangere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 22, 3; id. Serm. 273, 7.

suc-cŭbo ( subc-), āre, v. n., to lie under (very rare):

grabatulo succubans,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 39:

alveum,

id. ib. 9, p. 229, 30.

suc-cŭbo ( subc-), ōnis, m. [cubo], one who lies under; hence, a lecher, Titin. ap. Non. 224, 22 (but Com. Fragm. v. 92 Rib. reads: quam arbitrer Illarum subcuboneam esse, i. e. succubam).

sub-jăcĕo, cŭi, 2, v. n., to lie under or near any thing (post-Aug.).

Lit.:

feles coeunt mare stante, feminā subjacente,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 174:

frumentum si tegulis subjaceat,

id. 18, 30, 73, § 301:

fenestris subjacet vestibulum villae,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 15; cf.:

subjacentes petrae,

Curt. 5, 3, 18:

campus aedificio subjacet,

adjoins, lies close to the building, Col. 1, 2, 3; so,

monti,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 2:

fenestra subjacens,

id. ib. 2, 17, 6.—

Trop., to be under, subject to any thing; to belong to or be connected with, etc.:

causa, cui plurimae subjacent lites,

Quint. 3, 6, 27; cf. id. 3, 6, 41:

subjacet utilitati etiam illa defensio,

id. 7, 4, 12:

quantitas plerumque eidem (qualitati) subjacet,

id. 7, 4, 41:

quaestiones velut subjacentes,

id. 3, 6, 91 et saep.:

vita, quae multis casibus subjacet,

App. M. 11, p. 266, 10:

inopes divitum impotentiae subjacentes,

id. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 28, 31:

viliores personae capitali supplicio subjaceant,

Cod. Just. 4, 40, 4:

delicto,

Vulg. Lev. 5, 3:

ditioni regis,

id. Esth. 9, 16:

ex materiā subjacente (deo) ac paratā,

within his power, Lact. 2, 8.

suc-cŭbo ( subc-), āre, v. n., to lie under (very rare):

grabatulo succubans,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 39:

alveum,

id. ib. 9, p. 229, 30.

suc-cŭbo ( subc-), ōnis, m. [cubo], one who lies under; hence, a lecher, Titin. ap. Non. 224, 22 (but Com. Fragm. v. 92 Rib. reads: quam arbitrer Illarum subcuboneam esse, i. e. succubam).

stagno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [id.].

Lit., to form a pool of standing water, to stagnate, be stagnant (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.; cf.

redundo): stagnans Nilus,

Verg. G. 4, 288:

ubi mollius solum reperit (Indus) stagnat insulasque molitur,

Curt. 8, 9, 7:

nam flumen, quo latius fusum est, hoc placidius stagnat,

id. 9, 2, 17:

aquae stagnantes,

id. 8, 13, 9:

stagnantibus undis,

Sil. 5, 95:

Nili aquae, ubi evagatae stagnant,

Plin. 13, 11, 22, § 71; 31, 3, 21, § 31:

stagnante Pado,

Luc. 4, 134.—

Transf., of places which lie under water, to be overflowed or inundated: moenia oppidi stagnabant redundantibus cloacis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 138, 7:

paludibus orbis,

Ov. M. 1, 324:

ripae,

Sil. 10, 89:

terra caede,

id. 6, 36:

solum,

Plin. 17, 26, 40, § 249:

regna sanguine,

Sil. 12, 43.— Subst.: stagnantĭa, ium, n., inundated places:

terrae motus fervens in umidis, fluctuans in stagnantibus,

Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 193.—

Lit., to cause to stand, to make stagnant:

quo (bitumine) aqua omnis (Maris Mortui) stagnatur,

Just. 36, 3, 7:

Cecropio stagnata luto,

Stat. S. 3, 20, 110.—

Transf., to cover with water, to overflow, inundate a place:

Tiberis plana Urbis stagnaverat,

Tac. A. 1, 76:

(loca) stagnata paludibus ument,

Ov. M. 15, 269; Col. poët. 10, 11.

stagno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [stagnum = stannum; cf. stagneus, s. v. stanneus].

Lit., to overlay or plate with stannum (post-class.), Plin. Val. 1, 31 med.; 3, 4 med. —

Trop., to make fast, strengthen, fortify:

se adversus insidias,

Just. 37, 2, 6:

potionibus stagnata animalia,

strengthened, invigorated, Veg. 1, 18 fin.; 3, 2, 5.

stagno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [id.].

Lit., to form a pool of standing water, to stagnate, be stagnant (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.; cf.

redundo): stagnans Nilus,

Verg. G. 4, 288:

ubi mollius solum reperit (Indus) stagnat insulasque molitur,

Curt. 8, 9, 7:

nam flumen, quo latius fusum est, hoc placidius stagnat,

id. 9, 2, 17:

aquae stagnantes,

id. 8, 13, 9:

stagnantibus undis,

Sil. 5, 95:

Nili aquae, ubi evagatae stagnant,

Plin. 13, 11, 22, § 71; 31, 3, 21, § 31:

stagnante Pado,

Luc. 4, 134.—

Transf., of places which lie under water, to be overflowed or inundated: moenia oppidi stagnabant redundantibus cloacis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 138, 7:

paludibus orbis,

Ov. M. 1, 324:

ripae,

Sil. 10, 89:

terra caede,

id. 6, 36:

solum,

Plin. 17, 26, 40, § 249:

regna sanguine,

Sil. 12, 43.— Subst.: stagnantĭa, ium, n., inundated places:

terrae motus fervens in umidis, fluctuans in stagnantibus,

Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 193.—

Lit., to cause to stand, to make stagnant:

quo (bitumine) aqua omnis (Maris Mortui) stagnatur,

Just. 36, 3, 7:

Cecropio stagnata luto,

Stat. S. 3, 20, 110.—

Transf., to cover with water, to overflow, inundate a place:

Tiberis plana Urbis stagnaverat,

Tac. A. 1, 76:

(loca) stagnata paludibus ument,

Ov. M. 15, 269; Col. poët. 10, 11.

stagno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [stagnum = stannum; cf. stagneus, s. v. stanneus].

Lit., to overlay or plate with stannum (post-class.), Plin. Val. 1, 31 med.; 3, 4 med. —

Trop., to make fast, strengthen, fortify:

se adversus insidias,

Just. 37, 2, 6:

potionibus stagnata animalia,

strengthened, invigorated, Veg. 1, 18 fin.; 3, 2, 5.

sisto, stĭti (Charis. p. 220, and Diom. p. 369, give steti for both sisto and sto, confining stiti to the compounds of both. But steti, as perfect of sisto, is late jurid. Lat., and perh. dub.;

for steterant,

Verg. A. 3, 110;

steterint,

id. ib. 3, 403; Liv. 8, 32, 12, belong to stare; cf. also Gell. 2, 14, 1 sqq.; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 461 sq.), stătum [root stă, strengthened by reduplication; cf. histêmi], used in two general senses, I. To cause to stand, place, = colloco, pono; II. To stand, be placed, = sto.

Sistere, in gen., = collocare (in class. prose only in the partic. uses, v. A. 4. C. and D., infra).

Causative, with acc.

To place = facere ut stet; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with ad, super, etc., and acc.:

O qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi Sistat,

Verg. G. 2, 489:

tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

id. A. 3, 117 (classis stat;

v. sto): inque tuo celerem litore siste gradum,

Ov. H. 13, 102 (cf. infra, III. 2. A.):

jaculum clamanti (al. clamantis) sistit in ore,

plants the dart in his face, Verg. A. 10, 323:

disponit quas in fronte manus, medio quas robore sistat,

Stat. Th. 7, 393:

(equum ligneum) sacratā sistimus arā,

Verg. A. 2, 245:

aeternis potius me pruinis siste,

Stat. Th. 4, 395: ut stata (est) lux pelago, as soon as light was set ( shone) on the sea, id. ib. 5, 476:

victima Sistitur ante aras,

Ov. M. 15, 132:

quam (suem) Aeneas ubi... sistit ad aram,

Verg. A. 8, 85:

post haec Sistitur crater,

Ov. M. 8, 669: vestigia in altero (monte) sisti (non posse), that no footprints can be placed ( made) on the other mountain, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211:

cohortes expeditas super caput hostium sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 77; cf. id. A. 12, 13; Stat. Th. 4, 445; Sil. 4, 612. —

To place, as the result of guidance or conveyance; hence, to convey, to send, lead, take, conduct to, = facere ut veniat; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with advv. of place: officio meo ripā sistetur in illā Haec, will be carried by me to, etc., Ov. M. 9, 109:

terrā sistēre petitā,

id. ib. 3, 635:

(vos) facili jam tramite sistam,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

ut eum in Syriā aut Aegypto sisterent orabat,

to convey him to, Tac. H. 2, 9.—So with hic (= in with abl.) or huc (= in with acc.):

hic siste patrem,

Sen. Phoen. 121:

Annam huc siste sororem,

Verg. A. 4, 634.—

To place an army in order of battle, draw up, = instruere:

aciem in litore sistit,

Verg. A. 10, 309; cf.:

sistere tertiam decimam legionem in ipso aggere jubet,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

Se sistere = to betake one's self, to present one's self, to come (so twice in Cicero's letters):

des operam, id quod mihi affirmasti, ut te ante Kal. Jan., ubicumque erimus, sistas,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

te vegetum nobis in Graeciā sistas,

id. ib. 10, 16, 6 (cf. infra, E.):

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 853.—

With two acc. (cf.: praesto, reddo) = to cause to be in a certain condition, to place, etc.; often with dat. of interest (ante- and post-class., and poet.; cf.

supra, 4.): ego vos salvos sistam,

I will place you in safety, see you to a safe place, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 5:

omnia salva sistentur tibi,

all will be returned to you in good order, id. ib. 5, 3, 3; so,

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123; cf.:

rectius tacitas tibi res sistam, quam quod dictum est mutae mulieri,

will keep your secrets, id. ib. 4, 2, 54:

neque (dotem) incolumem sistere illi, et detraxe autument,

that you deliver it entire to her, id. Trin. 3, 3, 15:

cum te reducem aetas prospera sistet,

Cat. 64, 238: tu modo servitio vacuum me siste (= praesta) superbo, set me free from, Prop. 4, 16 (3, 17), 42:

tutum patrio te limine sistam,

will see you safe home, Verg. A. 2, 620:

praedā onustos triumphantesque mecum domos reduces sistatis,

Liv. 29, 27, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Pelasgis siste levem campum,

Stat. Th. 8, 328:

modo se isdem in terris victorem sisterent,

Tac. A. 2, 14:

operā tuā sistas hunc nobis sanum atque validum,

give him back to us, safe and sound, Gell. 18, 10, 7: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28.—

Neutr, with double nom., = exsistere, to be, to become: judex extremae sistet vitaeque necisque, he will become a judge, etc., Manil. 4, 548 (dub.):

tempora quod sistant propriis parentia signis,

id. 3, 529 (dub.; al. sic stant; cf. infra, II.).—

As neuter verb, to stand, rest, be placed, lie ( poet.);

constr. like sto: ne quis mihi obstiterit obviam, nam qui obstiterit, ore sistet,

will lie on his face, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13 Brix ad loc.: (nemo sit) tantā gloriā... quin cadat, quin capite sistat, will be placed or stand on his head, id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

ibi crebro, credo, capite sistebant cadi,

id. Mil. 3, 2, 36 Lorenz (Brix, hoc illi crebro capite):

ipsum si quicquam posse in se sistere credis,

to rest upon itself, Lucr. 1, 1057:

neque posse in terrā sistere terram,

nor can the earth rest upon itself, id. 2, 603:

at conlectus aquae... qui lapides inter sistit per strata viarum,

id. 4, 415:

incerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur,

to rest, to stay, Verg. A. 3, 7; cf.:

quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,

Ov. M. 1, 307. —

As jurid. term.

In both a causative and neuter sense = to produce in court, or to appear in court after being bound over by the judge or by promise to the adversary (vadimonium); constr. either absol. or with the dat. of the adversary to whom the promise is made (alicui sisti), to appear upon somebody's demand; also, in judicio sisti. The present active is either used reflexively (se sistere = to appear), or with a transitive object (sistere aliquem = to produce in court one in whose behalf the promise has been made). The present passive, sisti, sistendus, sistitur, = to appear or to be produced. The perfect act., stiti, stitisse, rarely the perfect passive, status sum, = to have appeared, I appeared. So in all periods of the language:

cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius, ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est ut promittat se certo die sisti,

Gai. 4, 184:

fit ut Alfenus promittat, Naevio sisti Quinctium,

that Quinctius would be forthcoming upon Naevius's complaint, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 8, 30 (v. infra, B.):

testificatur, P. Quinctium non stitisse, et se stitisse,

id. ib. 6, 25:

quin puellam sistendam promittat (= fore ut puella sistatur in judicio),

Liv. 3, 45, 3:

interrogavit quisquam, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti juberet, et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens: Perendie sese sistant illo in loco,

Gell. 7, 1, 10:

si quis quendam in judicio sisti promiserit, in eādem causā eum debet sistere,

Dig. 2, 11, 11:

si servum in eādem causā sistere promiserit, et liber factus sistatur,... non recte sistitur,

ib. 2, 9, 5:

sed si statu liberum sisti promissum sit, in eādem causā sisti videtur, quamvis liber sistatur,

ib. 2, 9, 6:

cum quis in judicio sisti promiserit, neque adjecerit poenam si status non esset,

ib. 2, 6, 4:

si quis in judicio secundum suam promissionem non stitit,

ib. 2, 11, 2, § 1; cf. ib. 2, 5, 1; 2, 8, 2; 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

Vadimonium sistere, to present one's self in court, thus keeping the solemn engagement (vadimonium) made to that effect; lit., to make the vadimonium stand, i. e. effective, opp. deserere vadimonium = not to appear, to forfeit the vadimonium. The phrase does not occur in the jurists of the Pandects, the institution of the vadimonium being abolished by Marcus Aurelius. It is found in the following three places only: quid si vadimonium capite obvoluto stitisses? Cat. ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1: ut Quinctium sisti Alfenus promitteret. Venit Romam Quinctius;

vadimonium sistit,

Cic. Quint. 8, 30:

ut nullum illa stiterit vadimonium sine Attico,

Nep. Att. 9; Gai. 4, 185; cf. diem sistere under status, P. a. infra.—

Transf., out of judicial usage, in gen., = to appear or present one's self, quasi ex vadimonio; constr. absol. or with dat. of the person entitled to demand the appearance:

ubi tu es qui me vadatus's Veneriis vadimoniis? Sisto ego tibi me, et mihi contra itidem ted ut sistas suadeo (of a lover's appointment),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5; so,

tibi amatorem illum alacrem vadimonio sistam,

produce, App. M. 9, p. 227, 14:

nam promisimus carnufici aut talentum magnum, aut hunc hodie sistere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 73:

vas factus est alter ejus sistendi, ut si ille non revertisset, moriendum esset sibi,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45. —

Fana sistere, acc. to Festus anciently used, either = to place ( secure and fix places for) temples in founding a city, or to place the couches in the lectisternia:

sistere fana, cum in urbe condendā dicitur, significat loca in oppido futurorum fanorum constituere: quamquam Antistius Labeo, in commentario XV. juris pontificii ait fana sistere esse lectisternia certis locis et diebus habere,

Fest. p. 267 Lind. To this usage Plaut. perh. alludes:

apud illas aedis sistendae mihi sunt sycophantiae,

the place about that house I must make the scene of my tricks, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 25.—

Sistere monumenta, etc., or sistere alone, to erect statues, etc. (= statuere; post-class. and rare;

mostly in Tac.): ut apud Palatium effigies eorum sisteret,

Tac. A. 15, 72:

cum Augustus sibi templum sisti non prohibuisset,

id. ib. 4 37:

at Romae tropaea de Parthis arcusque sistebantur,

id. ib. 15, 18:

monuere ut... templum iisdem vestigiis sisteretur,

id. H. 4, 53:

sistere monumenta,

Aus. Ep. 24, 55: Ast ego te... Carthaginis arce Marmoreis sistam templis (cf. histanai tina), Sil. 8, 231; v. statuo.

Sistere = to cause what is tottering or loose to stand firm, to support or fasten; and neutr., to stand firm.

Causative (rare;

perh. not in class. prose) = stabilire: sucus... mobilis (dentes) sistit,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 15; and trop.: hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu Sistet (cf.: respublica stat;

v. sto),

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

non ita civitatem aegram esse, ut consuetis remediis sisti posset,

Liv. 3, 20, 8 (where sisti may be impers.; v. infra, III. C.).—

Neutr., to stand firm, to last, = stare:

nec mortale genus, nec divum corpora sancta Exiguom possent horai sistere tempus,

Lucr. 1, 1016: qui rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur, Cotta ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223.—

Neutr., to stand firm, to resist:

nec quicquam Teucros Sustentare valet telis, aut sistere contra,

Verg. A. 11, 873; so with dat. = resistere:

donec Galba, inruenti turbae neque aetate neque corpore sistens, sella levaretur,

Tac. H. 1, 35; cf. sisti = resistere, III. B. 1. f. infra.

Sistere = to stand still, and to cause to stand still.

Neutr. = stare (rare; in Varr., Tac., and the poets).

To stand still:

solstitium dictum est quod sol eo die sistere videatur,

Varr. L. L. 5, p. 53 (Bip.):

sistunt amnes,

Verg. G. 1, 479:

incurrit, errat, sistit,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 248.—

To remain, stop:

Siste! Quo praeceps ruis?

Sen. Thyest. 77; id. Oedip. 1050:

vis tu quidem istum intra locum sistere?

will you remain in that position? Tac. A. 4, 40.—

Trop., to stop, not to go any farther:

depunge, ubi sistam,

Pers. 6, 79:

nec in Hectore tracto sistere,

to stop at the dragging of Hector, Stat. Achill. 1, 7.—

To cease (dub.):

hactenus sistat nefas' pius est,

if his crime ceases here, he will be pious, Sen. Thyest. 744 (perh. act., to stop, end).—

Causative (not ante-Aug.; freq. in Tac., Plin., and the poets).

To arrest, stop, check an advancing motion.

With gradum:

plano sistit uterque gradum,

arrest their steps, Prop. 5 (4), 10, 36; Verg. A. 6, 465:

siste properantem gradum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 772:

repente sistunt gradum,

Curt. 4, 6, 14. —With pedem, Ov. R. Am. 80.—

With fugam, to stop, stay, check, stem, arrest the flight:

fugam foedam siste,

Liv. 1, 12, 5:

si periculo suo fugam sistere posset,

id. 30, 12, 1; so Curt. 8, 14, 37; 4, 16, 2; 8, 3, 2; Tac. A. 12, 39.—

Of vehicles, horses, etc.:

esseda siste,

Prop. 2, 1, 76:

equos,

Verg. A. 12, 355:

quadrijugos,

Stat. Achill. 2, 429; so id. Th. 5, 364.—

With iter, to arrest the advance of an army, to halt:

exercitus iter sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 50.—

With bellum, to halt (cf. infra, D.):

Aquilejae sisti bellum expectarique Mucianum jubebat,

Tac. H. 3, [p. 1712] 8.—

Of living objects, in gen.

To arrest their course, make them halt:

aegre coercitam legionem Bedriaci sistit,

Tac. H. 2, 23:

festinantia sistens Fata,

staying the hurrying Fates, Stat. S. 3, 4, 24.—So, se sistere with ab, to desist from:

non prius se ab effuso cursu sistunt,

Liv. 6, 29, 3; hence, to arrest by wounding, i. e. to wound or kill:

aliquem cuspide,

Sil. 1, 382; 1, 163; so,

cervum vulnere sistere,

id. 2, 78.—

To stop a hostile attack of persons, to resist them, ward them off:

ut non sisterent modo Sabinas legiones, sed in fugam averterent,

Liv. 1, 37, 3:

ibi integrae vires sistunt invehentem se jam Samnitem,

id. 10, 14, 18:

nec sisti vis hostium poterat,

Curt. 5, 3, 11:

nec sisti poterant scandentes,

Tac. H. 3, 71; 5, 21. —

Trop., to stop the advance of prices:

pretia augeri in dies, nec mediocribus remediis sisti posse,

Tac. A. 3, 52.—

To arrest the motion of fluids.

Of water:

sistere aquam fluviis,

Verg. A. 4, 489:

amnis, siste parumper aquas,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 2:

quae concita flumina sistunt,

id. M. 7, 154:

sistito infestum mare,

calm, Sen. Agam. 523; cf. Ov. M. 7, 200; id. H. 6, 87; Plin. 28, 8, 29, § 118.—

Of blood and secretions:

(ea) quibus sistitur sanguis parari jubet,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

sanguinem,

Plin. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239; 27, 4, 5, § 18:

haemorrhoidum abundantiam,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 19:

fluctiones,

id. 20, 8, 27, § 71, 34, 10, 23, § 105; 35, 17, 57, § 195:

nomas,

id. 30, 13, 39, § 116; 24, 16, 94, § 151:

mensis,

id. 23, 6, 60, § 112:

vomitiones,

id. 20, 20, 81, § 213:

alvum bubus,

id. 18, 16, 42, § 143:

alvum,

stop the bowels, id. 23, 6, 60, § 113; 22, 25, 59, § 126; 20, 5, 18, § 37:

ventrem,

id. 20, 23, 96, § 256; Mart. 13, 116.—

To arrest the motion of life, make rigid:

ille oculos sistit,

Stat. Th. 2, 539.—

To end, put an end to (= finem facere alicui rei); pass., to cease:

querelas,

Ov. M. 7, 711:

fletus,

id. ib. 14, 835:

lacrimas,

id. F. 1, 367; 480; 6, 154:

minas,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 60:

opus,

id. H. 16 (17), 266; id. M. 3, 153:

labores,

id. ib. 5, 490:

furorem,

Stat. Th. 5, 663:

furialem impetum,

Sen. Med. 157; id. Agam. 203:

pace tamen sisti bellum placet,

Ov. M. 14, 803:

antequam summa dies spectacula sistat,

id. F. 4, 387:

sitim sistere,

to allay, id. P. 3, 1, 18:

nec primo in limine sistit conatus scelerum,

suppresses, Stat. S. 5, 2, 86:

ruinas,

to stop destruction, Plin. Pan. 50, 4:

ventum,

to ward off, turn the wind, id. Ep. 2, 17, 17;

(motus terrae) non ante quadraginta dies sistuntur, = desinunt,

Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 198.—

Sistere with intra = to confine, keep within:

transgresso jam Alpes Caecina, quem sisti intra Gallias posse speraverant,

Tac. H. 2, 11:

dum populatio lucem intra sisteretur,

provided the raids were confined to day-time, id. A. 4, 48. —

Impers. and trop., to arrest or avoid an impending misfortune, or to stand, i. e. to endure; generally in the form sisti non potest (more rarely: sisti potest) = it cannot be endured, a disaster cannot be avoided or met (once in Plaut.; freq. in Liv.; sometimes in Tac.; cf., in gen., Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 720; Drak. ad Liv. 3, 16, 4; Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 29, 8; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 12, 6; Beneke ad Just. 11, 1, 6).

Without a subject, res or a noun of general import being understood:

quid ego nunc agam, nisi ut clipeum ad dorsum accommodem, etc.? Non sisti potest,

it is intolerable, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 94:

totam plebem aere alieno demersam esse, nec sisti posse nisi omnibus consulatur,

Liv. 2, 29, 8:

si domestica seditio adiciatur, sisti non posse,

the situation will be desperate, id. 45, 19, 3:

si quem similem priore anno dedissent, non potuisse sisti,

id. 3, 9, 8:

vixque concordiā sisti videbatur,

that the crisis could scarcely be met, even by harmonious action, id. 3, 16, 4:

qualicunque urbis statu, manente disciplinā militari sisti potuisse,

these evils were endurable, id. 2, 44, 10: exercitum gravi morbo affectari, nec sisti potuisse ni, etc., it would have ended in disaster, if not, etc., id. 29, 10, 1:

qui omnes populi si pariter deficiant, sisti nullo modo posse,

Just. 11, 1, 6 Gronov. ad loc.; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 8 supra, II. A. 1.— Rarely with a subject-clause understood: nec jam sisti poterat, and it was no longer tolerable, i. e. that Nero should disgrace himself, etc., Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Rarely with quin, to prevent etc. (pregn., implying also the stopping of something; cf.

supra, III. B. 1.): neque sisti potuit quin et palatium et domus et cuncta circum haurirentur (igni),

Tac. A. 15, 39.—Hence, stătus, a, um, P. a., as attribute of nouns, occurs in several conventional phrases, as relics of archaic usage.

Status (condictusve) dies cum hoste, in the XII. Tables, = a day of trial fixed by the judge or agreed upon with the adversary;

esp., a peregrinus (= hostis),

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37. It presupposes a phrase, diem sistere, prob.=vadimonium sistere (v. supra, I. C. 2.). Such an appointment was an excuse from the most important public duties, even for soldiers from joining the army, Cinc. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4.—

Hence, transf.: si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies, tamen est eundum quo imperant,

i. e. under all circumstances we must go, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5.—

In certain phrases, appointed, fixed, regular (cf. statutus, with which it is often confounded in MSS.):

status dies: tres in anno statos dies habere quibus, etc.,

Liv. 39, 13, 8:

stato loco statisque diebus,

id. 42, 32, 2; so id. 5, 52, 2; 27, 23 fin.:

stato lustri die,

Sen. Troad. 781:

status sacrificii dies,

Flor. 1, 3, 16:

statum tempus, statā vice, etc.: lunae defectio statis temporibus fit,

Liv. 44, 37 init.; so id. 28, 6, 10:

stato tempore,

Tac. A. 12, 13; id. H. 4, 81; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 173:

stata tempora (partus),

Stat. Achill. 2, 673:

adeo in illā plagā mundus statas vices temporum mutat,

Curt. 8, 19, 13; so id. 9, 9, 9; 5, 1, 23; so, feriae, etc.: feriae statae appellabantur quod certo statutoque die observarentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69 Lind.:

stata quinquennia,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 113:

stata sacra or sacrificia: stata sacrificia sunt quae certis diebus fieri debent,

Fest. p. 264 Lind.:

proficiscuntur Aeniam ad statum sacrificium,

Liv. 40, 4, 9; 23, 35, 3; 5, 46, 2; 39, 13, 8; Cic. Mil. 17, 45:

solemne et statum sacrificium (al. statutum),

id. Tusc. 1, 47, 113; so Liv. 23, 35, 3:

stata sacra,

Ov. F. 2, 528; Stat. Th. 1, 666:

stata foedera,

id. ib. 11, 380:

status flatus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

stati cursus siderum,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 291 (different: statae stellae = fixed stars, Censor. D. N. 8, belonging to II. 2. supra): statae febres, intermittent fevers, returning regularly, Plin. 28, 27, 28, § 107.—

Moderate, average, normal:

inter enim pulcherrimam feminam et deformissimam media forma quaedam est, quae et a nimio pulcritudinis periculo et a summo deformitatis odio vacat, qualis a Q. Ennio perquam eleganti vocabulo stata dicitur...Ennius autem eas fere feminas ait incolumi pudicitia esse quae statā formā forent,

Gell. 5, 11, 12 -14 (v. Enn. Trag. p. 133 Vahl.).

sto, stĕti, stătum, 1 (scanned stĕtĕrunt, Verg. A. 2, 774; 3, 48; Ov. H. 7, 166; Prop. 2, 8, 10), v. n. [root sta-; Sanscr. sthā, sthalam, locus; Gr. sta-, histêmi, to set, place; statêr, weight; O. H. Germ. stām; Goth. standa; Engl. stand], to stand, in opposition to sitting, walking, or lying prostrate, to stand still, remain standing, stand upright.

Lit.

In gen.:

hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, Illi qui astant, hi stant ambo, non sedent,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.; cf.:

cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sellā sederet,

Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:

si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 74:

abi intro, noli stare,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 36; so (opp. ire) id. Merc. 3, 3, 21; id. Mil. 4, 2, 95; 4, 9, 10; id. Pers. 3, 3, 43; 4, 4, 50; Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 6; 3, 2, 12:

i: quid stas, lapis?

id. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

ante aedes,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 56; 1, 1, 250; 2, 2, 35; id. Truc. 2, 3, 14:

ante ostium,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 4; id. And. 3, 1, 17; id. Hec. 3, 4, 14; 5, 4, 14:

ante oculos,

Ov. Am. 1, 5, 17:

ad januam,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353:

ad undam,

Verg. G. 4, 356:

orantem juxta,

Stat. Th. 11, 618:

hic foris,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 12:

hinc procul,

Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 1:

propter in occulto,

Cic. Clu. 28, 78; cf.:

qui proximi steterant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35, 3:

propius,

Hor. A. P. 361:

sta ilico,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:

qui frequentissimi in gradibus concordiae steterunt,

Cic. Phil. 7, 8, 21:

stans pede in uno,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 10 et saep.—Of things:

ita statim stant signa,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 120:

quorum statuae steterunt in Rostris,

Cic. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

statua,

id. Div. 1, 34, 75:

signa ad impluvium, ad valvas Junonis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61:

stabat acuta silex,

Verg. A. 8, 233:

columna,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 14:

cerea effigies,

id. S. 1, 8, 32; cf. poet.:

aeneus ut stes,

id. ib. 2, 3, 183.— Pass. impers.: Ps. Statur hic ad hunc modum. Sim. Statum vide hominis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 44: Gn. Quid agitur? Pa. Statur, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 40:

confecto munerum cursu moriar stando,

Amm. 24, 3, 7.—Prov.:

inter sacrum saxumque sto, nec quid faciam scio,

i.e. I am in a pinch, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; v. sacrum.—

In partic.

Pregn., to stand firm or immovable; to last, remain, continue: cui nec arae patriae domi stant; fractae et disjectae jacent, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 115 Vahl.):

nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

stantibus Hierosolymis,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

ut praeter spem stare muros viderunt,

Liv. 38, 5:

urbem innoxiam stare incolumem pati,

id. 31, 31, 15:

hasta, quae radice novā, non ferro stabat adacto,

stuck fast, remained fixed, Ov. M. 15, 562:

missum stetit inguine ferrum,

id. ib. 5, 132; cf. id. ib. 5, 34;

8, 415: stat glacies iners,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 5:

aquae,

Ov. M. 4, 732:

longā stare senectā,

Sil. 3, 94:

cornus stetit inter tempora frontis,

id. 4, 142.—

To remain, tarry, linger any where (cf. moror):

paulisper stetimus in illā ganearum tuarum nidore atque fumo,

Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

hos quos video volitare in foro, quos stare ad curiam,

id. Cat. 2, 3, 5: cur non aut stantem comprehenderint, aut fugientem consecuti sint, remaining in the city, id. Cael, 28, 67;

so (opp. fugio),

id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54:

cum gladiis in conspectu senatus,

id. Phil. 2, 4, 8:

qui domi stare non poterant,

id. Fl. 6, 13:

(meretrix) olente in fornice stans,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 30; cf. Ov. Am. 1, 10, 21; Juv. 10, 239; cf.

of minerals not attracted by the magnet: pondere enim fretae partim stant, quod genus aurum,

Lucr. 6, 1058. —

In milit. lang.

To stand in the ranks or under arms, to fight:

quisque uti steterat, jacet obtinetque ordinem,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 86: ut sustinere corpora plerique nequeuntes arma sua quisque stantes incumberet, Sall. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 229 (H. 3, 72 Dietsch):

cum milites a mane diei jejuni sub armis stetissent defatigati, Auct. B. Afr. 42, 3: primo haud impari stetere acie,

Liv. 26, 44:

in Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires,

id. 37, 58: in acie, Auct. B. Hisp. 28 fin.:

pars acie stabat, Auct. B. Afr. 51, 6: stetit acies in armis,

Sen. Phoen. 389; cf.:

stetit ordine certo Infelix acies,

Luc. 7, 2, 16.—

Pregn., to stand firm in fight, stand one's ground, maintain the contest (opp. abjecto scuto fugere), Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54; cf.:

in acie stare ac pugnare (opp. in castra refugere),

Liv. 22, 60, 25:

Tarquiniensis, novus hostis non stetit solum, sed etiam ab suā parte Romanum pepulit,

id. 2, 6, 11:

comminus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 47:

inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43; cf.:

contra leonem,

Spart. Carac. 5.—

Transf., of a battle, to last, hold out, continue (a favorite expression of Livy):

ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit,

Liv. 29, 2:

diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit,

id. 27, 2:

ita anceps dicitur certamen stetisse,

id. 8, 38:

primo stetit ambiguā spe pugna,

id. 7, 7.—

Nautical t. t., to lie, to lie or ride at anchor:

ante hostium portus in salo stare,

Liv. 37, 16;

Auct. B. Afr. 62: naves regiae in sinu Maliaco,

Liv. 36, 20:

classis instructa in portu,

id. 37, 11:

classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. B. Afr. 62, 4: litore puppes,

Verg. A. 6, 901.—

Of servants, to stand, wait, attend (very rare): neque pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 2:

sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 46:

ad cyathum et vinum,

Suet. Caes. 49; cf.:

ad pedes,

id. Galb. 22.—

Of buildings, cities, etc., to stand finished, be erected (mostly poet.):

intra annum nova urbs stetit,

Liv. 6, 4, 6:

jam stabant Thebae,

Ov. M. 3, 131:

moenia jam stabant,

id. F. 3, 181:

stet Capitolium Fulgens,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 42:

aedificant muros... Stabat opus,

Ov. M. 11, 205:

jam stare ratem,

Val. Fl. 1, 96.—

Of the countenance, to be unmoved, to be at rest ( poet.):

stat num quam facies,

Luc. 5, 214:

stant ora metu,

are rigid, Val. Fl. 4, 639; cf.:

cur ad patrios non stant tua lumina vultus,

Stat. Th. 10, 693.—

To stand up, stand upright, stand on end; to bristle up, stiffen, etc. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): papillae, Lucil. ap. Non. 391, 26:

mammae,

Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 249:

steterunt comae,

Verg. A. 2, 774; 3, 48; Ov. M. 7, 631; cf. id. ib. 10, 425:

crines fulvi pulvere,

Stat. Th. 3, 326:

setae,

Ov. M. 8, 286:

in vertice cristae,

id. ib. 6, 672:

aristae,

id. ib. 10, 655:

stantes oculi,

prominent, Ov. F. 6, 133:

oculis rigentibus et genis stantibus,

fixed, Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 49. —In mal. part., Mart. 3, 73, 2; App. M. 2, p. 117, 39; Auct. Priap. 75, 2.—Rarely of fluids, to coagulate, stiffen:

sanguis stetit,

Sen. Oedip. 585.—

With abl., to stand out with, be thick with, full of any thing (mostly poet.): stant pulvere campi, Enn. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 1, 9, 1 (Ann. v. 592 Vahl.): cupressi Stant rectis foliis, id. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 2, 444 (Ann. v. 268 ib.): stat sentibu' fundus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. And. 4, 2, 16; Titin. ap. Non. 391, 21; so,

ager sentibus,

Caecil. ib. 391, 23:

vides ut altā stet nive candidum Soracte,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 1: caelum caligine stat, Sisenn. ap. Non. 392, 8:

pulvere caelum,

Verg. A. 12, 408:

pulvereo globo astra,

Stat. Th. 7, 124:

stant lumina (Charontis) flammā,

Verg. A. 6, 300:

stant pulvere Syrtes,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 257.

Trop.

In gen., to stand: mentes, rectae quae stare solebant, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16 (Ann. v. 208 Vahl.):

stetisse ipsum in fastigio eloquentiae,

Quint. 12, 1, 20.—

In partic.

Pregn., to stand one's ground, stand firm or unshaken; to endure, persevere, persist, abide, continue:

moribus antiquis res stat Romana virisque, Enn. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 21 (Ann. v. 492 Vahl.): disciplinam militarem, quā stetit ad hanc diem Romana res, solvisti,

Liv. 8, 7:

res publica staret,

Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf. id. Cat. 2, 10, 21:

stante urbe et curiā,

id. Planc. 29, 71:

ut eo neglecto civitas stare non possit,

id. Cael. 1, 1:

utinam res publica stetisset, quo coeperat statu,

id. Off. 2, 1, 3:

qui illam (rem publicam) cadere posse stante me non putārant,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 2:

ut stante re publicā facere solebamus,

id. Off. 2, 1, 3:

neque enim aliter stare possemus,

id. Sest. 45, 97:

per quos homines ordinesque steterim, quibusque munitus fuerim, non ignoras,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 7; cf.:

eorum auxilio, qui me stante stare non poterant,

id. ib. 7, 2, 3:

respublica stetit virtute tuā,

Liv. 4, 40:

stetit regnum puero,

id. 1, 3:

dum stetimus,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 17:

stamus animis,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2:

stas animo,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 213:

Gabinium sine provinciā stare non posse,

could not hold out, subsist, Cic. Pis. 6, 12; cf. id. Fl. 6, 14; Suet. Oth. 5:

nedum sermonum stet honos,

Hor. A. P. 69.—Hence, nearly—esse, tantā stat praedita culpā (natura), Lucr. 5, 199:

pausam stare fragori,

id. 1, 747.—

(Acc. to its use as a milit. t. t., v. supra, I. B. 3.) To maintain the contest:

cum in senatu pulcherrime staremus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1.—

Stare in aliquā re, simply aliquā re, and post-class. also alicui rei, to stand firm, persist, persevere; to rest, abide, adhere to, continue in a thing.

In aliquā re:

si in fide non stetit,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

sin in eo non stat,

id. Att. 2, 4, 1:

stare oportet in eo, quod sit judicatum,

id. Fin. 1, 14, 47:

in sententiā,

Liv. 4, 44.—

With abl.:

eā omnes stant sententiā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 35:

suis stare judiciis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81:

censoris opinione,

id. Clu. 47, 132:

alicujus decreto,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

stare conditionibus,

Cic. Att. 7, 15, 2:

stare conventis,

id. Off. 3, 25, 95:

stare jurejurando,

Quint. 5, 6, 4:

nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque vetustas,

Sen. ad Marc. 26, 4.— Pass. impers.:

stabitur consilio,

Liv. 7, 35:

etsi priore foedere staretur,

id. 21, 19:

famā rerum standum est,

id. 7, 6.—

With dat.:

arbitri sententiae stare,

Dig. 4, 7, 23 fin.:

voluntati patris,

ib. 26, 7, 3; 36, 3, 6:

rei judicatae,

ib. 42, 1, 32:

emptioni,

ib. 19, 1, 13; ib. 4, 8, 27 (five times) et saep.—

Stat sententia, aliquid, or, impersonally, stat ( alicui), the determination stands or holds good; I ( thou, he, etc.) am determined: Pa. Vide quid agas. Ph. Stat sententia, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 18:

Hannibal, postquam ipsi sententia stetit, pergere ire,

Liv. 21, 30:

stat sententia tradere mecum Dotalem patriam,

Ov. M. 8, 67:

modo nobis stet illud, unā vivere in studiis nostris,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5:

stat pectore fixum, Aeetae sociare manus,

Val. Fl. 5, 289:

nos in Asiam convertemus: neque adhuc stabat, quo potissimum,

Cic. Att. 3, 14, 2:

mihi stat alere morbum,

Nep. Att. 21, 6:

quos ut seponi stetit,

Sil. 3, 68:

stat, casus renovare omnes,

Verg. A. 2, 750. —

In aliquā re, or simply aliquā re, to rest on, be fixed on, depend upon, etc.:

omnis in Ascanio stat cura parentis,

Verg. A. 1, 646:

regnum fraternā stare concordiā,

Liv. 45, 19:

quā (disciplinā) stetit Romana res,

id. 8, 7:

hac arte (i.e. bello) in patriā steti,

id. 5, 44, 2; Val. Fl. 3, 673; Verg. A. 2, 163:

magis famā quam vi stare res suas,

Tac. A. 6, 30:

apud quos virtute quam pecuniā res Romana melius stetit,

id. H. 2, 69 fin.:

famā bella stare,

Curt. 3, 8, 7.—

In theatr. lang., of plays and actors, to stand, i.e. to please, take, succeed:

quod si intellegeret, cum stetit olim nova (fabula), Actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 9 sq.:

partim vix steti, id. Hec. prol. alt. 7: securus, cadat an recto stat fabula talo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176:

illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, Hoc stabant, hoc sunt imitandi,

id. S. 1, 10, 17.—

Stare, ab, cum, or pro aliquo, or aliquā re, or with adv. loci, to stand by, on the side of, adhere to a person or thing, take the part of:

ut nemo contra civium perditorum dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causā steterit constantius,

Cic. Brut. 79, 273:

a se potius quam ab adversariis,

id. Inv. 1, 43, 81:

a mendacio contra verum,

id. ib. 1, 3, 4:

a contrariā ratione,

Auct. Her. 4, 2, 4:

cum di prope ipsi cum Hannibale starent,

Liv. 26, 41, 17; 5, 38:

stabat cum eo senatus majestas,

id. 8, 34, 1:

nobiscum adversus bar, baros,

Nep. Ages. 5, 4:

si pro meā patriā ista virtus staret,

Liv. 2, 12:

pro jure gentium,

id. 38, 25:

pro vobis adversus reges stetimus,

id. 45, 22, 10; 23, 8, 3 Fabri ad loc.:

pro Jubā atque Afris,

Quint. 11, 1, 80:

pro signis,

Ov. A. A. 1, 200:

quamvis duces non essent praesentes, staret tamen pro partibus invicta fortuna ultoris,

Flor. 4, 7, 10:

hic primo pro Pompei partibus, mox simulatione contra Pompeium stetit,

Vell. 2, 48, 4:

voluptas pro iisdem partibus standi,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 4, 1; cf.:

et dii quoque pro meliore stant causā,

Curt. 4, 1, 13:

hinc stas, illinc causam dicis,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 48:

unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret,

Just. 5, 4, 12: non semper vostra evortet: nunc Juppiter hac stat, stands at your side, stands by you, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565.—So with in:

Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant,

Curt. 3, 11, 18.—

Stare per aliquem, to stand to one's account, be chargeable or owing to one; to lie at one's door, be one's fault; followed by a negative consequence or effect, expressed by quin, [p. 1763] quominus, or ne.

With quin:

quoniam per eum non stetisset, quin praestaretur, etc.,

Liv. 2, 31, 11 Weissenb.ad loc.—

With quominus (freq.):

si poterit fieri, ut ne pater per me stetisse credat, Quominus haec fierent nuptiae, volo: sed si id non poterit, Id faciam in proclivi quod est, per me stetisse, ut credat,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 16 sq.:

Caesar ubi cognovit per Afranium stare, quominus proelio dimicaretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 41:

graviter eam rem tulerunt, quod stetisse per Trebonium, quominus oppido potirentur, videbatur,

id. ib. 2, 13; so,

nec, quominus perpetua cum eis amicitia esset, per populum Romanum stetisse,

Liv. 8, 2, 2; 9, 14, 1; 6, 33, 2; 44, 14, 12.—

With ne:

ne praestaremus per vos stetit, qui, etc.,

Liv. 45, 23, 6:

non per milites stetisse, ne vincerent,

id. 3, 61, 2:

quasi per ipsum staret, ne redderetur,

Suet. Aug. 28.—Rarely without the negation; so with ut:

per quam (ignorantiam) stetit, ut tibi obligarer,

Plin. Ep. 10, 6 (22), 2; cf. Ter. And. 4, 2, 17 supra; absol.:

id est, non per me stetit, sed per illud,

Quint. 3, 6, 78; with subj.-clause:

si per eum non stetit, parere defuncti voluntati,

Dig. 32, 1, 36.—

Of price, to stand one in, to come to, to cost (mostly post-Aug.):

Periclum vitae meae tuo stat periculo,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 82:

Polybius scribit, centum talentis eam rem Achaeis stetisse,

Liv. 34, 50; cf.:

sit argumento tibi gratis stare navem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

haud illi stabunt Aeneia parvo Hospitia,

Verg. A. 10, 494:

quae neque magno Stet pretio,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 122:

multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30:

haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit,

id. 3, 60:

utrique vindicta libertatis morte stetit,

Vell. 2, 64, 3:

heu quanto regnis nox stetit una tuis?

Ov. F. 2, 812 et saep.:

nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit,

Sen. Ira, 1, 2, 1.

sub-sum, no perf., esse, v. n., to be under, among, or behind; to be near, close, or at hand (class.):

ubi non subest, quo praecipitet ac decidat,

there is nothing underneath, Cic. Rep. 1, 45, 69; Lucr. 3, 873; cf. id. 4, 1082: si quid intra cutem subest ulceris, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

subucula subest tunicae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 96:

nigra subest lingua palato,

Verg. G. 3, 388: suberat Pan ilicis umbrae Tib. 2, 5, 27:

cum sol Oceano subest,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 40.—

To be near, to be at hand, of places and persons:

mons suberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

montes,

id. B. C. 1, 65:

vallis,

id. ib. 1, 79:

planities,

Liv. 27, 18:

vicina taberna,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24:

templa mari,

Ov. M. 11, 359; cf.: regnum Ariobarzanis illi, Sall. Ep. Mithrid. ad Arsac. med.: me subesse propinquis locis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 2.—

Transf., of time, to be near or at hand, to approach:

nox jam suberat,

was near, Caes. B. C. 3, 97; so,

hiems,

id. B. G. 3, 27:

dies comitiorum,

Cic. Mil. 16, 42.—

Trop., to be underneath, be at the bottom, be or exist under, lie concealed in:

in quā (legatione) periculi suspitio non subesset,

Cic. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

in quā re nulla subesset suspitio,

id. Rosc. Am. 10, 28;

and simply suspitio,

id. Quint. 21, 66:

eadem causa subest,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

causa aliqua,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; cf.:

si his vitiis ratio non subesset,

id. N. D. 3, 28, 71:

ratio,

Auct. Her. 1, 17, 27; Quint. 9, 3, 6:

si negabimus temere famam Naxi solere, quin subsit aliquid,

Auct. Her. 2, 8, 12:

si ulla spes salutis nostrae subesset,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

nam illi regi amabili, Cyro, subest ad inmutandi animi licentiam crudelissimus ille Phalaris,

id. Rep. 1, 28, 44; Quint. 3, 5, 9:

saepe solent auro multa subesse mala,

are hid under, exist under, Tib. 1, 9, 18:

subest silentio facinus,

Curt. 6, 9, 11 et saep.— Poet.:

notitiae suberit amica tuae,

will be subject to your cognizance, Ov. A. A. 1, 398.

sŭbĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3 (sūbĭgĭt, scanned with u long, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 47, 106), v. a. [sub-ago], to bring under, get under; bring or get up, or up to any place.

Lit. (mostly poet.):

sues antequam aestus incipiat, subigunt in umbrosum locum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 6:

qui adverso flumine lembum Remigiis subigit,

i. e. rows up stream, Verg. G. 1, 202:

naves ad castellum,

Liv. 26, 7:

classem ad moenia,

Sil. 15, 218:

saxum contra ardua montis,

id. 13, 610:

frondosum apicem ad sidera,

id. 17, 641 et saep.:

celsos sonipedes ocius subigit jugo,

brings under the yoke, Sen. Hippol. 1002.—In mal. part.:

ancillam,

i. e. to lie with, Aus. Epigr. 142; cf. Suet. Caes. 49.—

In gen., to turn up from beneath, to break up, dig up, plough, cultivate; to work, knead; to rub down, sharpen, whet; to tame, break (class.;

syn. domo): terram ferro,

Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45 fin.:

locum subigere oportet bene: ubi erit subactus, areas facito,

to turn over and over, turn up, Cato, R. R. 161, 1: segetes aratris, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 9:

agrum bipalio,

Col. 3, 5, 3:

glebas,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

vomere terram,

Ov. M. 11, 31:

arva,

Verg. G. 1, 125.— Poet.:

ratem conto,

to work, move, Verg. A. 6, 302:

pontum remis,

i. e. to plough, furrow, Val. Fl. 1, 471:

farinam in mortarium indito, aquae paulatim addito subigitoque pulchre: ubi bene subegeris, defingito,

knead it thoroughly, Cato, R. R. 74; so,

corium pilis,

id. ib. 18, 7: harenam argillae usque ad lentorem, id. ap. Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 111:

panem,

Plin. 18, 11, 27, § 105:

aliquid oleo,

id. 32, 10, 44, § 126:

digitis opus,

Ov. M. 6, 20:

subigunt in cote secures,

i. e. sharpen, Verg. A. 7, 627:

pressa manu (pecudum) terga,

to rub down, Col. 6, 30, 1:

(beluam) facilem ad subigendum frenat,

easy to be tamed, Cic. Rep. 2, 40, 67; cf.

vitulos,

Col. 6, 2, 1:

ubera,

Vulg. Ezech. 23, 3.—

Trop.

To put down, overcome, conquer, subjugate, subject, subdue, etc. (freq. in prose and poetry):

plerique omnes subiguntur sub suum judicium,

Naev. Bell. Pan. Fr. Inc. 7 (p. 18 Vahl.):

Persas, Paphlagonas... subegit solus,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 78: tertiam partem orbis terrarum, Cic. [p. 1777] Rosc. Am. 36, 103:

quos armis subegimus,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

Gallia devicta et subacta,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

urbes atque nationes,

Sall. C. 2, 2:

totam inter Alpes fretumque Italiam armis,

Flor. 1, 26, 9:

Africam,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 14; Just. 30, 3, 9:

poëtae consuetudine subigere aures populi debent,

Varr. L. L. 9, 11, 130:

nos in deditionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 38:

vitulos,

to break in, Col. 6, 2:

bos subactus,

id. 6, 3.— Plur. subst.:

victi ac subacti,

Cic. Font. 16, 36.— Absol.: mors amici subigit, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22.—In mal. part. (cf. signif. I.): Gallias Caesar subegit, Nicomedes Caesarem, Poët. ap. Suet. Caes. 49.—

To bring, incite, impel; to force, compel, constrain to any thing; constr. with ut, ad, or in aliquid; rarely with inf.:

subegi, fenore argentum ab danistā ut sumeret,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 14:

tu me numquam subiges, redditum ut reddam tibi,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 8:

subigor, ut, etc.,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 6; cf.:

nec subigi queantur, ut, etc.,

id. Pers. 2, 2, 12:

ut ederet socios, subigi non potuit,

Tac. A. 2, 40:

egestate stipendii ad deditionem subigi,

id. H. 3, 8:

ad deditionem Volscos,

Liv. 6, 2:

hostes ad deditionem,

id. 9, 41; 9, 1:

urbes metu subactae in dicionem,

id. 28, 43:

hostes fame in deditionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 18:

vis subegit verum fateri,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 9:

Tarquiniensem metu subegerat frumentum exercitui praebere,

Liv. 9, 41:

subegit socios ignotae linquere terrae,

Verg. A. 5, 794:

ambitio multos mortalis falsos fieri subegit,

Sall. C. 10, 5:

injuria te subegit decernere, etc.,

id. ib. 51, 18; cf. Tac. A. 1, 39:

insidiis subactus,

Verg. A. 12, 494.—

(Acc. to I. B.) To cultivate, of the mind; to train, discipline (very rare):

subacto mihi ingenio opus est, ut agro non semel arato sed novato et iterato, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

subacti atque durati bellis,

Liv. 42, 52.

suc-cumbo ( subc-), cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay or put one ' s self under any thing; to fall down, lie, or sink down.

Lit. (rare; not in Cic.; cf. subsido).

In gen.:

ancipiti succumbens victima ferro,

Cat. 64, 370: vidit Cyllenius omnes Succubuisse oculos, had sunk in sleep, i. e. had closed, Ov. M. 1, 714:

(Augustus) Nolae succubuit,

took to his bed, Suet. Aug. 98 fin.:

non succumbentibus causis operis,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 106; Arn. 6, 16 Hildebr.—

In partic.

Of a woman, to lie down to a man, to cohabit with him (cf. substerno):

alicui,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 9; Cat. 111, 3; Ov. F. 2, 810; Petr. 126; Inscr. Grut. 502, 1; Mart. 13, 64, 1; 14, 201.—

With dat., of a woman, to be a rival to:

alumnae Tethyos,

Hyg. Fab. 177; id. Astr. 2, 1.—

Trop., to yield, be overcome; to submit, surrender, succumb (the predom. and class. signif.; cf.: cedo, me summitto).

With dat. (so most freq.):

philosopho succubuit orator,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

qui Cannensi ruinae non succubuissent,

Liv. 23, 25:

arrogantiae divitum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

cur succumbis cedisque fortunae?

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36; id. Sull. 25, 71; cf.:

nulli neque homini neque perturbationi animi nec fortunae,

id. Off. 1, 20, 66:

magno animo et erecto est, nec umquam succumbet inimicis, ne fortunae quidem,

id. Deiot. 13, 36:

mihi,

Nep. Eum. 11, 5:

labori, Caes. B. G, 7, 86: oneri,

Liv. 6, 32:

doloribus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 15, 49:

senectuti,

id. Sen. 11, 37:

crimini,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

magis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 103; Sil. 14, 609:

culpae,

Verg. A. 4, 19; Ov. M. 7, 749:

tempori,

to yield, Liv. 3, 59, 5:

pugnae,

id. 22, 54:

precibus,

Ov. H. 3, 91:

voluntati alicujus,

App. M. 9, p. 228, 9.—

Absol.:

non esse viri debilitari dolore, frangi, succumbere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95:

huic (socero) subvenire volt succumbenti jam et oppresso,

id. Agr. 2, 26, 69:

succubuit famae victa puella metu,

Ov. F. 2, 810:

hac ille perculsus plagā non succubuit,

Nep. Eum. 5, 1:

succumbe, virtus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1315:

labefacta mens succubuit,

id. Troad. 950; App. M. 5, p. 161, 33. —

With inf.:

nec ipsam perpeti succubuisset,

Arn. 1, 38.

suc-cumbo ( subc-), cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay or put one ' s self under any thing; to fall down, lie, or sink down.

Lit. (rare; not in Cic.; cf. subsido).

In gen.:

ancipiti succumbens victima ferro,

Cat. 64, 370: vidit Cyllenius omnes Succubuisse oculos, had sunk in sleep, i. e. had closed, Ov. M. 1, 714:

(Augustus) Nolae succubuit,

took to his bed, Suet. Aug. 98 fin.:

non succumbentibus causis operis,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 106; Arn. 6, 16 Hildebr.—

In partic.

Of a woman, to lie down to a man, to cohabit with him (cf. substerno):

alicui,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 9; Cat. 111, 3; Ov. F. 2, 810; Petr. 126; Inscr. Grut. 502, 1; Mart. 13, 64, 1; 14, 201.—

With dat., of a woman, to be a rival to:

alumnae Tethyos,

Hyg. Fab. 177; id. Astr. 2, 1.—

Trop., to yield, be overcome; to submit, surrender, succumb (the predom. and class. signif.; cf.: cedo, me summitto).

With dat. (so most freq.):

philosopho succubuit orator,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

qui Cannensi ruinae non succubuissent,

Liv. 23, 25:

arrogantiae divitum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

cur succumbis cedisque fortunae?

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36; id. Sull. 25, 71; cf.:

nulli neque homini neque perturbationi animi nec fortunae,

id. Off. 1, 20, 66:

magno animo et erecto est, nec umquam succumbet inimicis, ne fortunae quidem,

id. Deiot. 13, 36:

mihi,

Nep. Eum. 11, 5:

labori, Caes. B. G, 7, 86: oneri,

Liv. 6, 32:

doloribus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 15, 49:

senectuti,

id. Sen. 11, 37:

crimini,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

magis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 103; Sil. 14, 609:

culpae,

Verg. A. 4, 19; Ov. M. 7, 749:

tempori,

to yield, Liv. 3, 59, 5:

pugnae,

id. 22, 54:

precibus,

Ov. H. 3, 91:

voluntati alicujus,

App. M. 9, p. 228, 9.—

Absol.:

non esse viri debilitari dolore, frangi, succumbere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95:

huic (socero) subvenire volt succumbenti jam et oppresso,

id. Agr. 2, 26, 69:

succubuit famae victa puella metu,

Ov. F. 2, 810:

hac ille perculsus plagā non succubuit,

Nep. Eum. 5, 1:

succumbe, virtus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1315:

labefacta mens succubuit,

id. Troad. 950; App. M. 5, p. 161, 33. —

With inf.:

nec ipsam perpeti succubuisset,

Arn. 1, 38.

* * *

dē-lĭtesco, tŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [latesco], to hide away, conceal one's self; to lie hid, to lurk (class.).

Lit.:

bestiae in cubilibus delitescunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49 fin.; cf.: hostes noctu in silvis delituerant, * Caes. B. G. 4, 32, 4:

caelum,

Stat. Silv. 3, 1, 71:

in ulva,

Verg. A. 2, 136:

sub praesepibus vipera,

Verg. G. 3, 417:

silvā,

Ov. M. 4, 340; cf.:

privato loco,

id. Tr. 3, 1, 80:

sinu ancillae,

id. Am. 3, 1, 56 al.:

ut eo mitteret amicos, qui delitescerent, deinde repente prosilirent,

Cic. Cael. 25 fin.—Absol.:

delituit mala,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9.—

Transf., of things:

stella cursum conflcit, vespertinis temporibus delitescendo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52.—Of a letter:

ancillae sinu,

Ov. Am. 3, 1, 56.—

Trop., to skulk behind, shelter one's self under:

in alicujus auctoritate delitesceret,

Cic. Ac. 2, 5, 15; so,

in ista calumnia,

id. Caecin. 21 fin.; cf. ib. 23 fin.:

in dolo malo, id. Tull. § 33: umbrā magni nominis,

Quint. 12, 10, 15; id. 10, 5, 10 Zumpt N. cr.

fallo, fĕfelli, falsum, 3 (archaic inf. praes. pass. fallier, Pers. 3, 50; perf. pass. fefellitus sum, Petr. Fragm. 61, MSS.), v. a. [Sanscr. sphal, sphul, to waver; Gr. sphallô, a-sphalês], to deceive, trick, dupe, cheat, disappoint (freq. and class.; syn.: decipio, impono, frustror, circumvenio, emungo, fraudo).

In gen.

Of living objects:

T. Roscius non unum rei pecuniariae socium fefellit, verum novem homines honestissimos ejusdem muneris, etc.... induxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et perfidia fefellit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116 sq.; so,

aliquem dolis,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. Heaut. 3, 1, 61:

senem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 43:

referam gratiam, atque eas itidem fallam, ut ab illis fallimur,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 93: tu illum fructu fallas, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

id ipsum sui fallendi causa milites ab hostibus factum existimabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 2:

tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco Inventum,

Verg. G. 1, 139; cf. Ov. M. 15, 474:

is enim sum, nisi me forte fallo, qui, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 21:

num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, verum dies?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

nisi me fallit animus,

id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; cf.:

neque eum prima opinio fefellit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 67, 3:

ne spes eum fallat,

Cic. Fam. 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4:

si in hominibus eligendis spes amicitiae nos fefellerit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28:

in quo cum eum opinio fefellisset,

Nep. Ages. 3, 5:

nisi forte me animus fallit,

Sall. C. 20, 17:

nisi memoria me fallit,

fails me, Gell. 20, p. 285 Bip.:

nisi me omnia fallunt,

Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1; cf.:

omnia me fallunt, nisi, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

nisi quid me fallit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6; cf.:

si quid nunc me fallit in scribendo,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager,

Ov. A. A. 1, 450:

certe hercle hic se ipsus fallit, non ego,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 15:

tam libenter se fallunt, quam si una fata decipiunt,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1:

cum alios falleret, se ipsum tamen non fefellit,

Lact. 1, 22, 5.— Pass. in mid. force, to deceive one's self, be deceived, to err, be mistaken:

errore quodam fallimur in disputando,

Cic. Rep. 3, 35:

qua (spe) possumus falli: deus falli qui potuit?

id. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

memoriā falli,

Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118:

jamque dies, nisi fallor, adest,

Verg. A. 5, 49; Cic. Att. 4, 17, 1; 16, 6, 2:

ni fallor,

Ov. F. 4, 623; Lact. 2, 19, 1; cf.:

ordinis haec virtus erit et venus, aut ego fallor,

Hor. A. P. 42.—With object-clause:

dicere non fallar, quo, etc.,

Luc. 7, 288:

quamquam haut falsa sum, nos odiosas haberi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 4; cf.:

id quam facile sit mihi, haud sum falsus,

id. Men. 5, 2, 3; Ter. And. 4, 1, 23; Sall. J. 85, 20:

neque ea res falsum me habuit,

did not deceive me, id. ib. 10, 1:

ut falsus animi est!

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.—

Of inanim. or abstr. objects:

promissum,

not to fulfil, Curt. 7, 10, 9:

fidem hosti datam fallere,

to violate, break, betray, deceive, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39:

quodsi meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit,

id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; cf. id. de Or. 1, 1, 2:

non fallam opinionem tuam,

id. Fam. 1, 6 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.:

imperium,

to fail to execute, Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125:

cum lubrica saxa vestigium fallerent,

betrayed, Curt. 4, 9.— Poet.:

tu faciem illius Falle dolo,

imitate deceptively, assume, Verg. A. 1, 684:

sua terga nocturno lupo,

i. e. to hide, conceal, Prop. 4, 5, 14:

casses, retia,

to shun, avoid, Ov. H. 20, 45; 190. —

Absol.: neque quo pacto fallam... Scio quicquam, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29 fin.:

cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41:

ea (divinatio) fallit fortasse nonnumquam,

id. Div. 1, 14, 25:

non in sortitione fallere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:

in ea re,

Nep. Them. 7, 2; Cels. 7, 26, 2: ne falleret bis relata eadem res, Liv. 29, 35, 2:

ut, si quid possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 5:

germinat et numquam fallentis termes olivae,

Hor. Epod. 16, 45:

plerumque sufflati atque tumidi (oratores) fallunt pro uberibus,

Gell. 7, 14, 5.—

Impers.: fallit (me) I deceive myself, I mistake, am mistaken:

sed nos, nisi me fallit, jacebimus,

Cic. Att. 14, 12, 2; cf.:

nisi me propter benevolentiam forte fallebat,

id. Cael. 19, 45; id. Sest. 50, 106:

nec eum fefellit,

id. Off. 2, 7, 25:

vide, ne te fallat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25. And cf. under II. B. 2.

In partic.

To deceive in swearing, to swear falsely:

is jurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco: SI SCIENS FALLO,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf.:

lapidem silicem tenebant juraturi per Jovem haec verba dicentes: SI SCIENS FALLO, TVM ME DISPITER, etc., Paul. ex Fest. s. v. lapidem, p. 115 Müll.: si sciens fefellisset,

Plin. Pan. 64, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 45, 8; Prop. 4, 7, 53:

expedit matris cineres opertos Fallere,

i. e. to swear falsely by the ashes of your mother, Hor. C. 2, 8, 10.—

With respect to one's knowledge or sight, for the more usual latēre: to lie concealed from, to escape the notice, elude the observation of a person (so in Cic., Sall., and Caes. for the most part only impers., v. 2. infra).

With acc.:

neque enim hoc te, Crasse, fallit, quam multa sint et quam varia genera dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:

tanto silentio in summum evasere, ut non custodes solum fallerent, sed, etc.,

Liv. 5, 47, 3:

nec fefellit veniens ducem,

id. 2, 19, 7; Curt. 7, 6, 4; cf.:

quin et Atridas duce te (Mercurio)... Priamus... Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae Castra fefellit,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 16:

quos fallere et effugere est triumphus,

id. ib. 4, 4, 52:

Spartacum si qua potuit vagantem Fallere testa,

id. ib. 3, 14, 20; Suet. Caes. 43:

nec te Pythagorae fallant arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; id. Ep. 1, 6, 45:

nec quicquam eos, quae terra marique agerentur, fallebat,

Liv. 41, 2, 1 Drak.:

ut plebem tribunosque falleret judicii rescindendi consilium initum,

id. 4, 11, 4:

tanta celeritate, ut visum fallant,

Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157:

oculos littera fallit,

cannot be distinctly read, Ov. A. A. 3, 627.— With acc. and inf.:

neutros fefellit hostes appropinquare,

Liv. 31, 33, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.—Mid. with gen.:

nec satis exaudiebam, nec sermonis fallebar tamen,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 55.—

Absol., to escape notice, be unseen, remain undiscovered:

speculator Carthaginiensium, qui per biennium fefellerat, Romae deprehensus,

Liv. 22, 33, 1; 25, 9, 2:

spes fallendi, resistendive, si non falleret,

of remaining unnoticed, id. 21, 57, 5:

non fefellere ad Tifernum hostes instructi,

id. 10, 14, 6.—So with part. perf., Liv. 42, 64, 3; 23, 19, 11.—With part. pres.: ne alio itinere hostis falleret ad urbem incedens, i. e. arrive secretly, lanthanoi prosiôn, Liv. 8, 20, 5; cf. id. 5, 47, 9; Verg. A. 7, 350:

nec vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit,

i. e. has remained unnoticed, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 10:

fallere pro aliquo,

to pass for, Gell. 7, 14:

bonus longe fallente sagitta,

Verg. A. 9, 572.—

Impers.: fallit (me), it is concealed from me, unknown to me, I do not know, am ignorant of (for the most part only with negatives or in negative interrogations), constr. with subject-clause:

non me fefellit: sensi,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 64:

num me fefellit, hosce id struere?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

in lege nulla esse ejusmodi capita, te non fallit,

Cic. Att. 3, 23, 4:

nec me animi fallit, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 136; 5, 97:

quem fallit?

who does not know? Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233:

neque vero Caesarem fefellit, quin, etc.,

Caes. B C. 3, 94, 3.—

To cause any thing (space, time, etc.) not to be observed or felt, to lighten any thing difficult, or to appease, silence any thing disagreeable, to beguile ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

medias fallunt sermonibus horas Sentirique moram prohibent,

Ov. M. 8, 652:

jam somno fallere curam,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 114:

Fallebat curas aegraque corda labor,

Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 16; cf.

dolores,

id. ib. 5, 7, 39:

luctum,

Val. Fl. 3, 319:

molliter austerum studio fallente laborem,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 12; Ov. M. 6, 60; Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 49.—Prov.:

fallere credentem non est operosa puellam Gloria,

Ov. H. 2, 63.—Hence, falsus, a, um, P. a., deceptive, pretended, feigned, deceitful, spurious, false (syn.: adulterinus, subditus, subditicius, spurius).

[p. 722] Adj.:

testes aut casu veri aut malitia falsi fictique esse possunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27; cf.:

falsum est id totum, neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,

id. Rep. 2, 15:

ementita et falsa plenaque erroris,

id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

pro re certa spem falsam domum retulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; cf.:

spe falsa atque fallaci,

id. Phil. 12, 2, 7; so,

spes,

id. Sull. 82, 91:

falsa et mendacia visa,

id. Div. 2, 62, 127; cf.:

falsa et inania visa,

id. ib.:

falsum et imitatione simulatum,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf. id. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

argumentum,

id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

qui falsas lites falsis testimoniis Petunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 13:

reperiuntur falsi falsimoniis,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 12:

ambitio multos mortales falsos fieri subegit,

Sall. C. 10, 5 Kritz.:

pater (opp. verus),

a supposed father, Ov. M. 9, 24; cf. id. ib. 1, 754:

falsi ac festinantes,

Tac. A. 1, 7: suspectio, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5:

nuntius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175:

rumores,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 2:

poena falsarum et corruptarum litterarum,

Cic. Fl. 17, 39; cf.:

falsas esse litteras et a scriba vitiatas,

Liv. 40, 55, 1:

falsarum tabularum rei,

Suet. Aug. 19:

fama,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

appellatio,

Quint. 7, 3, 5:

sententiae,

id. 8, 5, 7:

crimina,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 14;

terrores,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 212:

opprobria,

i. e. undeserved, id. ib. 1, 16, 38; cf.

honor,

id. ib. 39: falsi Simoëntis ad undam, i. e. fictitious (simulati), Verg. A. 3, 302; cf.:

falsi sequimur vestigia tauri (i. e. Jovis),

Val. Fl. 8, 265:

vultu simulans Haliagmona,

Stat. Th. 7, 739:

ita ceteros terruere, ut adesse omnem exercitum trepidi ac falsi nuntiarent,

Tac. H. 2, 17:

ne illi falsi sunt qui divorsissumas res pariter expectant,

deceived, mistaken, Sall. J. 85, 20; cf.:

falsus utinam vates sim,

Liv. 21, 10, 10; so,

vates,

id. 4, 46, 5.— Comp. (rare):

quanto est abjectior et falsior ista (theologia),

Aug. Civ. D. 7, 5 fin.:

nihil est hominum inepta persuasione falsius,

Petr. 132; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 92, 11 Müll.— Sup.:

id autem falsissimum est,

Col. 1, 6, 17.—

With gen.:

Felix appellatur Arabia, falsi et ingrati cognominis,

Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 82.—

False, counterfeit, spurious, = adulterinus (late Lat.): moneta, Cod. Th. 9, 21, 9.—

As subst.

falsus, i, m., a liar, deceiver:

Spurinnam ut falsum arguens,

a false prophet, Suet. Caes. 81 fin.; id. Tib. 14.—

falsum, i, n., falsehood, fraud:

ex falsis verum effici non potest,

Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf.:

veris falsa remiscet,

Hor. A. P. 151:

vero distinguere falsum,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 29:

falsum scripseram,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Quint. 7, 2, 53:

ex illa causa falsi,

i. e. of fraud, Dig. 48, 10 (De lege Cornelia de falsis), 1;

v. the whole title: acclinis falsis animus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 6:

nec obstitit falsis Tiberius,

Tac. A. 2, 82:

simulationum falsa,

id. ib. 6, 46 et saep.—Adverb.:

telisque non in falsum jactis,

i. e. not at random, with effect, Tac. A. 4, 50 fin.:

jurare falsum,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 11.— Adv., untruly, erroneously, unfaithfully, wrongly, falsely; in two forms, falso and false.

falso:

eho mavis vituperari falso, quam vero extolli?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 21 sq.; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 173;

so opp. vero,

Curt. 5, 2, 2: ei rei dant operam, ut mihi falso maledicatur, Cato ap. Charis. p. 179 P.: falso criminare, Enn. ap. Non. 470, 16:

neque me perpetiar probri Falso insimulatam,

id. Am. 3, 2, 7; 21; cf.:

non possum quemquam insimulare falso,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

falso memoriae proditum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

cum Tarquinius... vivere falso diceretur,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

adesse ejus equites falso nuntiabantur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 1:

cum utrumque falso fingerent,

Liv. 42, 2:

falso in me conferri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2: aliquem falso occidere, i. e. by mistake, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 179 P.; cf.:

ut miseri parentes quos falso lugent, vivere sciant,

Liv. 34, 32, 13; and:

falso lamentari eas Darium vivum,

Curt. 3, 12:

falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum,

Sall. J. 1:

falso plurima volgus amat,

Tib. 3, 3, 20 (so perh. also in Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141, non assentiar saepe falso, instead of false).—Ellipt.: Da. Si quid narrare occepi, continuo dari tibi verba censes. Si. Falso, Ter. And. 3, 2, 24; cf.:

atqui in talibus rebus aliud utile interdum, aliud honestum videri solet. Falso: nam, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so Quint. 2, 17, 12; Nep. Alc. 9:

quia inter inpotentes et validos falso quiescas, = quia falluntur qui putant quiesci posse,

Tac. Germ. 36.—

false (very rare): judicium false factum, Sisenn. ap. Charis. p. 179; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 78 Fleck. (Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141 dub., B. and K., al. falso).— Sup.:

quae adversus haec falsissime disputantur,

Aug. Conf. 10, 13.

fallo, fĕfelli, falsum, 3 (archaic inf. praes. pass. fallier, Pers. 3, 50; perf. pass. fefellitus sum, Petr. Fragm. 61, MSS.), v. a. [Sanscr. sphal, sphul, to waver; Gr. sphallô, a-sphalês], to deceive, trick, dupe, cheat, disappoint (freq. and class.; syn.: decipio, impono, frustror, circumvenio, emungo, fraudo).

In gen.

Of living objects:

T. Roscius non unum rei pecuniariae socium fefellit, verum novem homines honestissimos ejusdem muneris, etc.... induxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et perfidia fefellit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116 sq.; so,

aliquem dolis,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. Heaut. 3, 1, 61:

senem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 43:

referam gratiam, atque eas itidem fallam, ut ab illis fallimur,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 93: tu illum fructu fallas, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

id ipsum sui fallendi causa milites ab hostibus factum existimabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 2:

tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco Inventum,

Verg. G. 1, 139; cf. Ov. M. 15, 474:

is enim sum, nisi me forte fallo, qui, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 21:

num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, verum dies?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

nisi me fallit animus,

id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; cf.:

neque eum prima opinio fefellit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 67, 3:

ne spes eum fallat,

Cic. Fam. 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4:

si in hominibus eligendis spes amicitiae nos fefellerit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28:

in quo cum eum opinio fefellisset,

Nep. Ages. 3, 5:

nisi forte me animus fallit,

Sall. C. 20, 17:

nisi memoria me fallit,

fails me, Gell. 20, p. 285 Bip.:

nisi me omnia fallunt,

Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1; cf.:

omnia me fallunt, nisi, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

nisi quid me fallit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6; cf.:

si quid nunc me fallit in scribendo,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager,

Ov. A. A. 1, 450:

certe hercle hic se ipsus fallit, non ego,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 15:

tam libenter se fallunt, quam si una fata decipiunt,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1:

cum alios falleret, se ipsum tamen non fefellit,

Lact. 1, 22, 5.— Pass. in mid. force, to deceive one's self, be deceived, to err, be mistaken:

errore quodam fallimur in disputando,

Cic. Rep. 3, 35:

qua (spe) possumus falli: deus falli qui potuit?

id. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

memoriā falli,

Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118:

jamque dies, nisi fallor, adest,

Verg. A. 5, 49; Cic. Att. 4, 17, 1; 16, 6, 2:

ni fallor,

Ov. F. 4, 623; Lact. 2, 19, 1; cf.:

ordinis haec virtus erit et venus, aut ego fallor,

Hor. A. P. 42.—With object-clause:

dicere non fallar, quo, etc.,

Luc. 7, 288:

quamquam haut falsa sum, nos odiosas haberi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 4; cf.:

id quam facile sit mihi, haud sum falsus,

id. Men. 5, 2, 3; Ter. And. 4, 1, 23; Sall. J. 85, 20:

neque ea res falsum me habuit,

did not deceive me, id. ib. 10, 1:

ut falsus animi est!

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.—

Of inanim. or abstr. objects:

promissum,

not to fulfil, Curt. 7, 10, 9:

fidem hosti datam fallere,

to violate, break, betray, deceive, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39:

quodsi meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit,

id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; cf. id. de Or. 1, 1, 2:

non fallam opinionem tuam,

id. Fam. 1, 6 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.:

imperium,

to fail to execute, Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125:

cum lubrica saxa vestigium fallerent,

betrayed, Curt. 4, 9.— Poet.:

tu faciem illius Falle dolo,

imitate deceptively, assume, Verg. A. 1, 684:

sua terga nocturno lupo,

i. e. to hide, conceal, Prop. 4, 5, 14:

casses, retia,

to shun, avoid, Ov. H. 20, 45; 190. —

Absol.: neque quo pacto fallam... Scio quicquam, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29 fin.:

cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41:

ea (divinatio) fallit fortasse nonnumquam,

id. Div. 1, 14, 25:

non in sortitione fallere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:

in ea re,

Nep. Them. 7, 2; Cels. 7, 26, 2: ne falleret bis relata eadem res, Liv. 29, 35, 2:

ut, si quid possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 5:

germinat et numquam fallentis termes olivae,

Hor. Epod. 16, 45:

plerumque sufflati atque tumidi (oratores) fallunt pro uberibus,

Gell. 7, 14, 5.—

Impers.: fallit (me) I deceive myself, I mistake, am mistaken:

sed nos, nisi me fallit, jacebimus,

Cic. Att. 14, 12, 2; cf.:

nisi me propter benevolentiam forte fallebat,

id. Cael. 19, 45; id. Sest. 50, 106:

nec eum fefellit,

id. Off. 2, 7, 25:

vide, ne te fallat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25. And cf. under II. B. 2.

In partic.

To deceive in swearing, to swear falsely:

is jurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco: SI SCIENS FALLO,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf.:

lapidem silicem tenebant juraturi per Jovem haec verba dicentes: SI SCIENS FALLO, TVM ME DISPITER, etc., Paul. ex Fest. s. v. lapidem, p. 115 Müll.: si sciens fefellisset,

Plin. Pan. 64, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 45, 8; Prop. 4, 7, 53:

expedit matris cineres opertos Fallere,

i. e. to swear falsely by the ashes of your mother, Hor. C. 2, 8, 10.—

With respect to one's knowledge or sight, for the more usual latēre: to lie concealed from, to escape the notice, elude the observation of a person (so in Cic., Sall., and Caes. for the most part only impers., v. 2. infra).

With acc.:

neque enim hoc te, Crasse, fallit, quam multa sint et quam varia genera dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:

tanto silentio in summum evasere, ut non custodes solum fallerent, sed, etc.,

Liv. 5, 47, 3:

nec fefellit veniens ducem,

id. 2, 19, 7; Curt. 7, 6, 4; cf.:

quin et Atridas duce te (Mercurio)... Priamus... Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae Castra fefellit,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 16:

quos fallere et effugere est triumphus,

id. ib. 4, 4, 52:

Spartacum si qua potuit vagantem Fallere testa,

id. ib. 3, 14, 20; Suet. Caes. 43:

nec te Pythagorae fallant arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; id. Ep. 1, 6, 45:

nec quicquam eos, quae terra marique agerentur, fallebat,

Liv. 41, 2, 1 Drak.:

ut plebem tribunosque falleret judicii rescindendi consilium initum,

id. 4, 11, 4:

tanta celeritate, ut visum fallant,

Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157:

oculos littera fallit,

cannot be distinctly read, Ov. A. A. 3, 627.— With acc. and inf.:

neutros fefellit hostes appropinquare,

Liv. 31, 33, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.—Mid. with gen.:

nec satis exaudiebam, nec sermonis fallebar tamen,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 55.—

Absol., to escape notice, be unseen, remain undiscovered:

speculator Carthaginiensium, qui per biennium fefellerat, Romae deprehensus,

Liv. 22, 33, 1; 25, 9, 2:

spes fallendi, resistendive, si non falleret,

of remaining unnoticed, id. 21, 57, 5:

non fefellere ad Tifernum hostes instructi,

id. 10, 14, 6.—So with part. perf., Liv. 42, 64, 3; 23, 19, 11.—With part. pres.: ne alio itinere hostis falleret ad urbem incedens, i. e. arrive secretly, lanthanoi prosiôn, Liv. 8, 20, 5; cf. id. 5, 47, 9; Verg. A. 7, 350:

nec vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit,

i. e. has remained unnoticed, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 10:

fallere pro aliquo,

to pass for, Gell. 7, 14:

bonus longe fallente sagitta,

Verg. A. 9, 572.—

Impers.: fallit (me), it is concealed from me, unknown to me, I do not know, am ignorant of (for the most part only with negatives or in negative interrogations), constr. with subject-clause:

non me fefellit: sensi,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 64:

num me fefellit, hosce id struere?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

in lege nulla esse ejusmodi capita, te non fallit,

Cic. Att. 3, 23, 4:

nec me animi fallit, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 136; 5, 97:

quem fallit?

who does not know? Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233:

neque vero Caesarem fefellit, quin, etc.,

Caes. B C. 3, 94, 3.—

To cause any thing (space, time, etc.) not to be observed or felt, to lighten any thing difficult, or to appease, silence any thing disagreeable, to beguile ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

medias fallunt sermonibus horas Sentirique moram prohibent,

Ov. M. 8, 652:

jam somno fallere curam,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 114:

Fallebat curas aegraque corda labor,

Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 16; cf.

dolores,

id. ib. 5, 7, 39:

luctum,

Val. Fl. 3, 319:

molliter austerum studio fallente laborem,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 12; Ov. M. 6, 60; Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 49.—Prov.:

fallere credentem non est operosa puellam Gloria,

Ov. H. 2, 63.—Hence, falsus, a, um, P. a., deceptive, pretended, feigned, deceitful, spurious, false (syn.: adulterinus, subditus, subditicius, spurius).

[p. 722] Adj.:

testes aut casu veri aut malitia falsi fictique esse possunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27; cf.:

falsum est id totum, neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,

id. Rep. 2, 15:

ementita et falsa plenaque erroris,

id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

pro re certa spem falsam domum retulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; cf.:

spe falsa atque fallaci,

id. Phil. 12, 2, 7; so,

spes,

id. Sull. 82, 91:

falsa et mendacia visa,

id. Div. 2, 62, 127; cf.:

falsa et inania visa,

id. ib.:

falsum et imitatione simulatum,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf. id. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

argumentum,

id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

qui falsas lites falsis testimoniis Petunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 13:

reperiuntur falsi falsimoniis,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 12:

ambitio multos mortales falsos fieri subegit,

Sall. C. 10, 5 Kritz.:

pater (opp. verus),

a supposed father, Ov. M. 9, 24; cf. id. ib. 1, 754:

falsi ac festinantes,

Tac. A. 1, 7: suspectio, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5:

nuntius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175:

rumores,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 2:

poena falsarum et corruptarum litterarum,

Cic. Fl. 17, 39; cf.:

falsas esse litteras et a scriba vitiatas,

Liv. 40, 55, 1:

falsarum tabularum rei,

Suet. Aug. 19:

fama,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

appellatio,

Quint. 7, 3, 5:

sententiae,

id. 8, 5, 7:

crimina,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 14;

terrores,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 212:

opprobria,

i. e. undeserved, id. ib. 1, 16, 38; cf.

honor,

id. ib. 39: falsi Simoëntis ad undam, i. e. fictitious (simulati), Verg. A. 3, 302; cf.:

falsi sequimur vestigia tauri (i. e. Jovis),

Val. Fl. 8, 265:

vultu simulans Haliagmona,

Stat. Th. 7, 739:

ita ceteros terruere, ut adesse omnem exercitum trepidi ac falsi nuntiarent,

Tac. H. 2, 17:

ne illi falsi sunt qui divorsissumas res pariter expectant,

deceived, mistaken, Sall. J. 85, 20; cf.:

falsus utinam vates sim,

Liv. 21, 10, 10; so,

vates,

id. 4, 46, 5.— Comp. (rare):

quanto est abjectior et falsior ista (theologia),

Aug. Civ. D. 7, 5 fin.:

nihil est hominum inepta persuasione falsius,

Petr. 132; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 92, 11 Müll.— Sup.:

id autem falsissimum est,

Col. 1, 6, 17.—

With gen.:

Felix appellatur Arabia, falsi et ingrati cognominis,

Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 82.—

False, counterfeit, spurious, = adulterinus (late Lat.): moneta, Cod. Th. 9, 21, 9.—

As subst.

falsus, i, m., a liar, deceiver:

Spurinnam ut falsum arguens,

a false prophet, Suet. Caes. 81 fin.; id. Tib. 14.—

falsum, i, n., falsehood, fraud:

ex falsis verum effici non potest,

Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf.:

veris falsa remiscet,

Hor. A. P. 151:

vero distinguere falsum,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 29:

falsum scripseram,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Quint. 7, 2, 53:

ex illa causa falsi,

i. e. of fraud, Dig. 48, 10 (De lege Cornelia de falsis), 1;

v. the whole title: acclinis falsis animus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 6:

nec obstitit falsis Tiberius,

Tac. A. 2, 82:

simulationum falsa,

id. ib. 6, 46 et saep.—Adverb.:

telisque non in falsum jactis,

i. e. not at random, with effect, Tac. A. 4, 50 fin.:

jurare falsum,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 11.— Adv., untruly, erroneously, unfaithfully, wrongly, falsely; in two forms, falso and false.

falso:

eho mavis vituperari falso, quam vero extolli?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 21 sq.; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 173;

so opp. vero,

Curt. 5, 2, 2: ei rei dant operam, ut mihi falso maledicatur, Cato ap. Charis. p. 179 P.: falso criminare, Enn. ap. Non. 470, 16:

neque me perpetiar probri Falso insimulatam,

id. Am. 3, 2, 7; 21; cf.:

non possum quemquam insimulare falso,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

falso memoriae proditum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

cum Tarquinius... vivere falso diceretur,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

adesse ejus equites falso nuntiabantur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 1:

cum utrumque falso fingerent,

Liv. 42, 2:

falso in me conferri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2: aliquem falso occidere, i. e. by mistake, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 179 P.; cf.:

ut miseri parentes quos falso lugent, vivere sciant,

Liv. 34, 32, 13; and:

falso lamentari eas Darium vivum,

Curt. 3, 12:

falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum,

Sall. J. 1:

falso plurima volgus amat,

Tib. 3, 3, 20 (so perh. also in Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141, non assentiar saepe falso, instead of false).—Ellipt.: Da. Si quid narrare occepi, continuo dari tibi verba censes. Si. Falso, Ter. And. 3, 2, 24; cf.:

atqui in talibus rebus aliud utile interdum, aliud honestum videri solet. Falso: nam, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so Quint. 2, 17, 12; Nep. Alc. 9:

quia inter inpotentes et validos falso quiescas, = quia falluntur qui putant quiesci posse,

Tac. Germ. 36.—

false (very rare): judicium false factum, Sisenn. ap. Charis. p. 179; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 78 Fleck. (Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141 dub., B. and K., al. falso).— Sup.:

quae adversus haec falsissime disputantur,

Aug. Conf. 10, 13.